Prehistory

The Palaeolithic (400,000 - 10,000 years ago)

The Palaeolithic was the period in which people lived by hunting and gathering on the open tundra plains of Europe before the close of the last ice age. Before the Upper Palaeolithic (30 000 – 10 000 years ago) archaic Homo Sapiens such as Neanderthals and their predecessor Homo Heidelbergis inhabited Europe, rather than modern humans.

The Mesolithic (8,000 - 4,000 BC)

The Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) is the period after the last ice age (8000 BC), lasting until the advent of farming around 3500-4000 BC. People subsisted by hunting and foraging.

The Neolithic (4,000 - 2,000 BC)

The Neolithic (New Stone Age) is the period in which people began farming and making pottery.

The Bronze Age (2,000 - 700 BC)

The period is marked by the introduction of metallurgy - mainly copper and tin in the form of bronze alloy. Stone tools were used in conjunction with metal tools.

The Iron Age (700 BC - AD 55)

The period saw the widespread use of metallurgy and the complete replacement of stone tools.

  • Decorative stud image

    Decorative stud

  • The hand–axe found at Magdalen Street, Exeter image

    The hand–axe found at Magdalen Street, Exeter

  • A Palaeolithic implement image

    A Palaeolithic implement

  • Mesolithic microliths from Retreat Field, Topsham image

    Mesolithic microliths from Retreat Field, Topsham

  • Neolithic polished axe from Waybrook Cottages, Alphington image

    Neolithic polished axe from Waybrook Cottages, Alphington

  • Neolithic flint axe fragment, St Bridget’s Nursery, Topsham image

    Neolithic flint axe fragment, St Bridget’s Nursery, Topsham

  • Neolithic polished axe fragment from Goldsmith Street, Exeter image

    Neolithic polished axe fragment from Goldsmith Street, Exeter

  • Neolithic axe fragment from Topsham image

    Neolithic axe fragment from Topsham

  • Flint tools found between Topsham and Countess Wear image

    Flint tools found between Topsham and Countess Wear

  • Flints from the Ludwell Valley image

    Flints from the Ludwell Valley

  • Bronze Age Burial image

    Bronze Age Burial

  • Bronze Age axe from the Exeter area image

    Bronze Age axe from the Exeter area

  • Broken Early Bronze Age knife from the Cathedral Close excavations image

    Broken Early Bronze Age knife from the Cathedral Close excavations

  • The Mount Howe Mycenean axe image

    The Mount Howe Mycenean axe

  • The Pinhoe hoard of Bronze Age metalwork image

    The Pinhoe hoard of Bronze Age metalwork

  • An Iron Age round house, Guildhall Shopping Centre image

    An Iron Age round house, Guildhall Shopping Centre

  • Iron Age coin of the people of Dorset (obverse) image

    Iron Age coin of the people of Dorset (obverse)

  • An Armorican coin found in Northernhay Gardens (obverse) image

    An Armorican coin found in Northernhay Gardens (obverse)

  • Neolithic and Iron Age pottery from Friernhay Street image

    Neolithic and Iron Age pottery from Friernhay Street

  • Iron Age coin of the people of Dorset (reverse) image

    Iron Age coin of the people of Dorset (reverse)

  • An Armorican coin found in Northernhay Gardens (reverse) image

    An Armorican coin found in Northernhay Gardens (reverse)

  • The Iron Age settlement in Southernhay image

    The Iron Age settlement in Southernhay

  • The Iron Age settlement in Southernhay image

    The Iron Age settlement in Southernhay

  • Plan of the Iron Age settlement in Southernhay image

    Plan of the Iron Age settlement in Southernhay

  • Iron Age pottery undergoing reconstruction at Exeter City Museums image

    Iron Age pottery undergoing reconstruction at Exeter City Museums

  • A Bronze Age armlet image

    A Bronze Age armlet