Victorian City

At the beginning of Victoria’s reign the city still faced very serious problems of disease and poverty. The shock of the cholera outbreak of a few years earlier was still in many people’s minds (see Late Georgian), and the work of the Improvement Commissioners was far from complete. Their work included the new Queen Street (named after Queen Victoria but in fact begun a few years before her reign), and public schemes to improve the water supply, sewers, hospitals and street lighting.

The period saw a considerable rise in the city’s population from 28,000 in 1831 to 47,000 in 1901. With it came a large growth in the extent of the city, especially in late Victorian times, when St Thomas, Heavitree, Mount Pleasant and St Davids all experienced rapid growth.

Improvements in education for children were marked by a new generation of schools for both boys and girls. The great efforts in improving adult education for working people centred on the Albert Memorial Museum, founded in the 1860s. To many Victorians education was closely linked to religion and new churches were built to serve the suburbs, whilst the cathedral experienced an expensive restoration in the 1870s. 

  • The ‘Tudor Room’ at St Nicholas Priory image

    The ‘Tudor Room’ at St Nicholas Priory

  • Exeter Cathedral image

    Exeter Cathedral

  • Spreat’s view of Exeter Cathedral image

    Spreat’s view of Exeter Cathedral

  • The Cathedral and Bishop’s Palace image

    The Cathedral and Bishop’s Palace

  • Map of Exeter of c1851 image

    Map of Exeter of c1851

  • The city centre in 1876 image

    The city centre in 1876

  • Exeter from above Exwick image

    Exeter from above Exwick

  • The Guildhall and High Street image

    The Guildhall and High Street

  • North Street in Victoria’s reign image

    North Street in Victoria’s reign

  • Queen Street image

    Queen Street

  • Old Heavitree Church image

    Old Heavitree Church

  • Smoking cap worn by Grandpa Cole in Alphington image

    Smoking cap worn by Grandpa Cole in Alphington

  • Hats from JG Ross image

    Hats from JG Ross

  • Wedding dress made by Green and Sons image

    Wedding dress made by Green and Sons

  • The Watergate image

    The Watergate

  • Old houses in South Street image

    Old houses in South Street

  • Theatre Royal tickets image

    Theatre Royal tickets

  • Royal Albert Memorial Museum  Art Gallery image

    Royal Albert Memorial Museum Art Gallery

  • A 1½d check from Glade’s Black Dog Inn (reverse) image

    A 1½d check from Glade’s Black Dog Inn (reverse)

  • A check from the Victory Inn, Sidwell Street (reverse) image

    A check from the Victory Inn, Sidwell Street (reverse)

  • A 3d check from the Eagle Tavern, Barrack Road (reverse) image

    A 3d check from the Eagle Tavern, Barrack Road (reverse)

  • A 6d check from the Country House Inn (obverse) image

    A 6d check from the Country House Inn (obverse)

  • A token of the Ship Inn, Heavitree (reverse) image

    A token of the Ship Inn, Heavitree (reverse)

  • The Exeter School medal for excellence in Classics (reverse) image

    The Exeter School medal for excellence in Classics (reverse)

  • A Topsham scholar (reverse) image

    A Topsham scholar (reverse)

  • A token of the Coach and Horses Inn (reverse) image

    A token of the Coach and Horses Inn (reverse)

  • The new Post Office in Queen Street image

    The new Post Office in Queen Street

  • The Albert Memorial Museum and Free Library image

    The Albert Memorial Museum and Free Library

  • The railway at St David’s image

    The railway at St David’s

  • The railway at St David’s image

    The railway at St David’s

  • The Theatre Royal fire image

    The Theatre Royal fire

  • Theatre Royal fire condolence card image

    Theatre Royal fire condolence card

  • Proposed  designs for the Freemasons’ Hall image

    Proposed designs for the Freemasons’ Hall

  • Improvements in drinking water image

    Improvements in drinking water

  • The interior of the Cathedral quire before Scott’s restoration image

    The interior of the Cathedral quire before Scott’s restoration

  • The interior of the Cathedral quire after Scott’s restoration image

    The interior of the Cathedral quire after Scott’s restoration

  • A group of four floor tiles from the cathedral image

    A group of four floor tiles from the cathedral

  • The church of Allhallows–on–the–Walls image

    The church of Allhallows–on–the–Walls

  • View of St Michael’s church image

    View of St Michael’s church

  • St Matthew’s church image

    St Matthew’s church

  • The Exeter Diocesan Training School image

    The Exeter Diocesan Training School

  • The interior of the St Luke’s College chapel image

    The interior of the St Luke’s College chapel

  • A Victorian Sunday School medal image

    A Victorian Sunday School medal

  • Waterwheel in Cricklepit Mill image

    Waterwheel in Cricklepit Mill

  • Poster of the St Anne’s Well Brewery Company image

    Poster of the St Anne’s Well Brewery Company

  • The Malthouse, Haven Banks image

    The Malthouse, Haven Banks

  • The early development of the Malthouse from the 1780s image

    The early development of the Malthouse from the 1780s

  • Later developments at the Malthouse image

    Later developments at the Malthouse

  • The Clifton Hill brickworks image

    The Clifton Hill brickworks

  • A wood carving from Harry Hems’ studio image

    A wood carving from Harry Hems’ studio

  • A product of the Exeter Art Pottery image

    A product of the Exeter Art Pottery

  • A 6d check from the Country House Inn (reverse) image

    A 6d check from the Country House Inn (reverse)

  • A 3d check from the Eagle Tavern, Barrack Road (obverse) image

    A 3d check from the Eagle Tavern, Barrack Road (obverse)

  • A check from the Victory Inn, Sidwell Street (obverse) image

    A check from the Victory Inn, Sidwell Street (obverse)

  • A token of the Ship Inn, Heavitree (obverse) image

    A token of the Ship Inn, Heavitree (obverse)

  • A token of the Coach and Horses Inn (obverse) image

    A token of the Coach and Horses Inn (obverse)

  • The Garton and King hammer image

    The Garton and King hammer

  • Check for Thomas Carnall’s Coffee House (obverse) image

    Check for Thomas Carnall’s Coffee House (obverse)

  • ’Exeter from Haven Banks’ image

    ’Exeter from Haven Banks’

  • The Custom House and Quay image

    The Custom House and Quay

  • Examples of ’Honiton’ lace image

    Examples of ’Honiton’ lace

  • Victorian lace image

    Victorian lace

  • Opposition to paying for improvements image

    Opposition to paying for improvements

  • Glass from the hospital chapel image

    Glass from the hospital chapel

  • St Sidwell’s Board School: a model Victorian School image

    St Sidwell’s Board School: a model Victorian School

  • The Exeter School medal for excellence in Classics (obverse) image

    The Exeter School medal for excellence in Classics (obverse)

  • A Topsham scholar (obverse) image

    A Topsham scholar (obverse)

  • Provision for the sick: Wynard’s almshouses image

    Provision for the sick: Wynard’s almshouses

  • The area of Cricklepit Mill in the 18th century image

    The area of Cricklepit Mill in the 18th century

  • The railway between Exeter and Exmouth, 1846 image

    The railway between Exeter and Exmouth, 1846

  • A length of broad gauge from the Great Western Railway image

    A length of broad gauge from the Great Western Railway

  • JL Pearson’s cloister at Exeter Cathedral image

    JL Pearson’s cloister at Exeter Cathedral

  • The lierne vault of JL Pearson image

    The lierne vault of JL Pearson

  • Guy Fawkes night at Exeter Cathedral image

    Guy Fawkes night at Exeter Cathedral

  • The cellar of St Nicholas Priory as a domestic dwelling image

    The cellar of St Nicholas Priory as a domestic dwelling

  • Exeter Free Cottages image

    Exeter Free Cottages

  • Victorian stoneware jars and bottles image

    Victorian stoneware jars and bottles

  • Badge of a West of England fireman image

    Badge of a West of England fireman

  • Codd bottles image

    Codd bottles

  • A Victorian Shop: Joslin and Quicke image

    A Victorian Shop: Joslin and Quicke

  • Victorian weights and measures image

    Victorian weights and measures

  • The Exeter Penny Post image

    The Exeter Penny Post

  • The Baths, Southernhay, Exeter image

    The Baths, Southernhay, Exeter

  • St Luke’s campus of the University of Exeter image

    St Luke’s campus of the University of Exeter

  • Malting floor tiles image

    Malting floor tiles

  • Photo of Bodley’s foundry image

    Photo of Bodley’s foundry

  • Engravings of machinery made at Bodley’s image

    Engravings of machinery made at Bodley’s

  • A pattern from Bodley’s image

    A pattern from Bodley’s

  • Food for the poor: a Penny Dinner Society plate image

    Food for the poor: a Penny Dinner Society plate

  • A 1½d check from Glade’s Black Dog Inn (obverse) image

    A 1½d check from Glade’s Black Dog Inn (obverse)

  • Exeter Coffee Tavern token (obverse) image

    Exeter Coffee Tavern token (obverse)

  • Exeter Coffee Tavern token (reverse) image

    Exeter Coffee Tavern token (reverse)

  • Fire Notice image

    Fire Notice

  • Post Office refreshments token (obverse) image

    Post Office refreshments token (obverse)

  • Post Office refreshments token (reverse) image

    Post Office refreshments token (reverse)

  • Theatre Royal programme (front) image

    Theatre Royal programme (front)

  • Theatre Royal programme (back) image

    Theatre Royal programme (back)

  • Page from a child’s notebook image

    Page from a child’s notebook

  • Poster for Commemoration of Peace image

    Poster for Commemoration of Peace

  • Menu card for the City of Exeter School Board (outside) image

    Menu card for the City of Exeter School Board (outside)

  • Menu card for the City of Exeter School Board (inside) image

    Menu card for the City of Exeter School Board (inside)

  • Boer War ration tin image

    Boer War ration tin

  • Parts of an early calculator image

    Parts of an early calculator

  • An angel collected by Harry Hems image

    An angel collected by Harry Hems

  • A green man collected by Harry Hems image

    A green man collected by Harry Hems

  • List of persons executed at Devon County Gaol image

    List of persons executed at Devon County Gaol

  • A grand fantasy fair image

    A grand fantasy fair

  • A five pound note of City Bank, Exeter image

    A five pound note of City Bank, Exeter